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"ICO or Ico may refer to: Science and technology * ICO (file format), a file format used for icon images in Microsoft Windows * Index of Central Obesity, a measurement of abdominal obesity * Indian Computing Olympiad, an annual computer programming competition * Initial coin offering, the initial price of a new cryptocurrency * Intermediate circular orbit, a type of satellite orbit Organizations * ICO Global Communications, a mobile satellite services company based in Reston, Virginia, US * Catalan Ornithological Institute (Institut Català d'Ornitologia), a non-profit for the study of birds in Catalonia * Illinois College of Optometry, a private college in Chicago, Illinois, US * Information Commissioner's Office, a UK regulator * Institute of Contemporary Observation, a Chinese non-governmental organization * International Coffee Organization, a group for enhancing cooperation between nations dealing in coffee * International Commission for Optics, a commission for knowledge in optics * International Communist Opposition, a group of critics of the Communist movement * International Council of Ophthalmology, a body serving associations of ophthalmologists * Irish Chamber Orchestra, a chamber orchestra in Ireland * Irish College of Ophthalmologists, the national body for ophthalmology training in Ireland * Israel Chamber Orchestra, a chamber orchestra in Israel * Information Commissioner's Office, the Office of the Information Commissioner in the United Kingdom Other uses * Ico, a 2001 action-adventure video game for the PlayStation 2 * Ico, el caballito valiente, a 1983 Argentine animated film * Icó, a town in Ceará, Brazil * Ico Hitrec (1911–1946), Croatian football player See also * IKO (disambiguation) "
"John Michael Landy, (born 12 April 1930) is an Australian retired middle- distance runner and state governor. He was the second man to break the four- minute mile barrier in the mile run and held the world records for the 1500-metre run and the mile race. He was also the 26th Governor of Victoria from 2001 to 2006. Education Born in Melbourne, Victoria, on 12 April 1930, Landy attended Malvern Memorial Grammar School and Geelong Grammar School. He graduated from the University of Melbourne in 1954, receiving a Bachelor of Agricultural Science. Athletics During his school years, Landy enjoyed watching middle-distance track events. He became a serious runner during his college years, joining the Geelong Guild Athletic Club in 1949; he was a member of the Australian Olympic team at both the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki and 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, taking the Olympic Oath at the 1956 Olympics.IOC 1956 Summer Olympics. Olympic.org (6 September 2016). Retrieved on 20 September 2017. On 21 June 1954, at an international meet at Turku, Finland, Landy became the second man, after Roger Bannister, to achieve a sub-4-minute mile, recording a world record time of 3:57.9, ratified by the IAAF as 3:58.0 owing to the rounding rules then in effect. That record held for more than three years. Landy ran his second sub-4-minute mile at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, held at Vancouver, British Columbia, in the mile race, but lost to Roger Bannister, who had his best-ever time. This meeting of the world's two fastest milers was alternately called "The Miracle Mile", the "Race of the Century", and the "Dream Race"; it was heard over the radio by 100 million people and seen on television by millions more. On the final turn of the last lap, as Landy looked over his left shoulder, Bannister passed him on the right. A larger-than-life bronze sculpture of the two men at this moment was created by Vancouver sculptor Jack Harman in 1967 from a photograph by Vancouver Sun photographer Charlie Warner and stood for many years at the entrance to Empire Stadium; after the stadium was demolished, the sculpture was moved to the Hastings and Renfrew entrance of the Pacific National Exhibition (PNE) fairgrounds. In 2015, it returned to the site of the stadium.The rebirth of Empire Fields. Vancouversun.com (17 July 2015). Retrieved on 20 September 2017. Regarding this sculpture, Landy quipped that "While Lot's wife was turned into a pillar of salt for looking back, I am probably the only one ever turned into bronze for looking back."CA.News.Yahoo.com John Landy being passed by Roger Bannister in the Mile run at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Vancouver, British Columbia. Mitch Mitchell's sculpture depicting Landy's moment of sportmanship At the 1956 Australian National Championships prior to the Melbourne Olympic Games, in the final of the mile race, Landy stopped and doubled back to check on fellow runner Ron Clarke after another runner clipped Clarke's heel, causing him to fall early in the third lap of the race. Clarke, the then-junior mile world record holder, who had been leading the race, got back to his feet and started running again; Landy followed. In the final two laps Landy made up the deficit to win the race. The National Centre for History and Education in Australia said that "[i]t was a spontaneous gesture of sportsmanship and it has never been forgotten."The Finest Sporting Gesture in the History of Sport? . Hyperhistory.org. Retrieved on 20 September 2017. Sculptor Mitch Mitchell created a bronze sculpture of the moment when Landy helps Clarke to his feet. It was moved from the north west corner of Punt Road and Swan Street to Olympic Park, Melbourne. Governor of Victoria On 1 January 2001, Landy was sworn in as the 26th Governor of Victoria, succeeding Sir James Gobbo. He was appointed by Premier of Victoria Steve Bracks, who remained premier throughout his term. On 15 March 2006, in the final month of his term as governor, Landy was the final runner in the Queen's Baton relay during the 2006 Commonwealth Games Opening Ceremony at the Melbourne Cricket Ground stadium in Melbourne, presenting the baton to the Queen by placing it in its specially constructed holder. Landy retired as governor on 7 April 2006, being succeeded by David de Kretser. Other accomplishments Landy worked as senior manager at ICI Australia, and had a public speaking career. For eight years (1971–78) Landy served on the Victorian Land Conservation Council, contributing to debates and recommendations about the balanced use of public land across Victoria.Danielle Clode (2006) As if for a thousand years: A history of Victoria's Land Conservation and Environment Conservation Councils, Victorian Environmental Assessment Council Landy has written two books on natural history: Close to Nature (1984) and A Coastal Diary, Pan Macmillan Australia, 1993. Landy was Commissioner-General for the Australian pavilion at Expo 86 Vancouver. On 12 February 2009 Landy was appointed the chair of the Victorian Bushfire Appeal Fund Advisory Panel.TheAustralian.News.au, Bereavement fund for bushfire victims He stood down from the position on 7 September that same year. Honours and awards In 1949 and 1950 Landy, played Australian Rules Football for Dookie College when he was at the University of Melbourne's - Dookie College campus and won the 1950 Central Goulburn Valley Football League's best and fairest award. In 1955, Landy was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) for services to sport,It's an Honour – Member of the Order of the British Empire was awarded the Australian Sports Medal in 2000,It's an Honour – Australian Sports Medal and in 2001 was awarded the Centenary Medal,It's an Honour – Centenary Medal made a Companion of the Order of Australia (AC),It's an Honour – Companion of the Order of Australia and a Knight of Grace of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem. In 2006 he was appointed a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO) during the Queen's visit to Australia.It's an Honour – Commander of the Royal Victorian Order Landy was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 1985. Over the years, Landy has been awarded honorary degrees, the first being a Doctor of Laws from the University of Victoria in 1994. Then, in 1997, a Doctor of Rural Science from the University of New England, followed by a Doctor of Laws from the University of Melbourne in 2003 and Doctor of Laws from Deakin University in 2009. Landy has been a Member of The Graduate Union of The University of Melbourne since 2005. On 12 July 2008, Landy was the guest speaker at his club's Centenary Dinner held at North Geelong. Landy has been a Life Member of the Geelong Guild Athletic Club since April 1958. Named after Landy, Landy Field in South Geelong is the Geelong region's major athletic facility. East Doncaster Secondary College has a VCE centre dedicated in Landy's honour. Central Park, in Malvern East, Melbourne has a sports oval dedicated to Landy with a plaque which reads in part "Named in honour of John Landy, resident of Central Park Road, who used this oval for his training..." In media In the 1988 television mini-series The Four Minute Mile, detailing the rivalry between Landy and Roger Bannister, Landy was portrayed by actor Nique Needles. See also * List of Caulfield Grammar School people References Further reading * * The Perfect Mile: Three Athletes, One Goal, and Less Than Four Minutes to Achieve It, by Neal Bascomb, 2004, Category:1930 births Category:Living people Category:Governors of Victoria (Australia) Category:Australian Members of the Order of the British Empire Category:Companions of the Order of Australia Category:Australian Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order Category:Australian male middle-distance runners Category:Sportspeople from Melbourne Category:Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Australia Category:Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics Category:Olympic athletes of Australia Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1952 Summer Olympics Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1956 Summer Olympics Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games Category:People educated at Geelong Grammar School Category:People educated at Caulfield Grammar School Category:Olympic bronze medalists for Australia Category:University of Melbourne alumni Category:Fellows of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering Category:Sport Australia Hall of Fame inductees Category:Medalists at the 1956 Summer Olympics Category:Olympic bronze medalists in athletics (track and field) Category:Oath takers at the Olympic Games "
"Stanisław Mateusz Ignacy Wyspiański (; 15 January 1869 – 28 November 1907) was a Polish playwright, painter and poet, as well as interior and furniture designer. A patriotic writer, he created a series of symbolic, national dramas within the artistic philosophy of the Young Poland Movement. Wyspiański was one of the most outstanding and multifaceted artists of his time in Poland under the foreign partitions. He successfully joined the trends of modernism with themes of the Polish folk tradition and Romantic history. Unofficially, he came to be known as the Fourth Polish Bard (in addition to the earlier Three Bards: Adam Mickiewicz, Juliusz Słowacki, and Zygmunt Krasiński). Biography Stanisław Wyspiański was born to Franciszek Wyspiański and Maria Rogowska. His father, a sculptor, owned an atelier on Wawel Hill. His mother died of tuberculosis in 1876 when Stanisław was seven years old. Due to problems with alcohol, Stanisław's father could not fulfil his parental responsibilities. Stanisław was adopted by his aunt Joanna Stankiewiczowa and her husband Kazimierz. The Stankiewicz family belonged to the bourgeois intellectual class. In their house, Wyspiański became acquainted with painter Jan Matejko, who was a frequent visitor. Matejko soon recognized that the boy had artistic talent and gave him his first artistic guidance. Wyspiański attended Saint Anne's secondary school. The school was unique for several reasons. First, although the Polish language was forbidden in educational institutions under foreign rule, the lectures at Saint Anne's were delivered in Polish. Second, the teacher's goal was to equip the students with a thorough knowledge of Polish history and literature. Third, graduates of the school, including Lucjan Rydel, Stanisław Estreicher and Henryk Opieński, were considered prominent figures in Kraków's cultural life. As a student, Wyspiański took particular interest in art and literature. According to Joanna Stankiewiczowa, the young Stanisław portrayed small cottages, animals, plants, armors and decorations. Wyspiański also created a dramatic interpretation of Matejko's painting Stefan Batory pod Pskowem (Bathory at Pskov). In 1887 Wyspiański enrolled in the Faculty of Philosophy at Jagiellonian University and the School of Fine Arts in Kraków. While studying at the university, he attended lectures in art, history and literature. Jan Matejko, the dean of the School of Fine Arts, soon recognized Wyspiański's talent and asked him to join in the creation of a polychrome inside the Mariacki Church. Planty Park at Dawn, 1894 The years 1890–1895 were devoted to travel. Wyspiański visited Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Prague and France. His stay in France is regarded as a major point in his artistic life. He studied at the private Académie Colarossi. Since the school fee was very high, Wyspiański applied for a grant. During his stay in France he got acquainted with Paul Gauguin. Together they visited art museums, where Wyspiański was bewitched by the beauty of Pierre Puvis de Chavannes's paintings. He also attended theatre performances based on Shakespeare and classical era plays. His future dramas Daniel i Meleager (Daniel and Meleagra) and Powrót Odysa (Return of Odysseus) were based on the antic tradition. Meanwhile, he worked on several dramas, Królowa Polskiej Korony (The Queen of Polish Crown), Warszawianka (Varsovian Anthem) and the first version of Legenda (Legend). The play Legenda (Legend) was based on the famous Polish legend of Wars and Sawa. In August 1894 he returned to Kraków, where he got involved in the modernist movement. It was then he designed and partially made a polychrome for the Franciscan Church that was composed of flowery, geometrical and heraldic motifs. Moreover, the prior of the church encouraged Wyspiański to design various stained glass windows, such as Blessed Salomea, Saint Francis Stigmata and God the Father. Wyspiański received an award from the Polish Academy of Learning for the landscape of the Kopiec Kościuszki (Kościuszko Mound). As a painter, interior designer and poet he cooperated with the Municipal Theatre in Kraków. First he designed furniture and scenography for the theatre performances, then he staged various dramas on the stage of the theatre. Motherhood, 1905 He cooperated with the Kraków Society of Friends of Fine Art and in mid-1898 was named art manager of the weekly Życie (Life). Unfortunately, his first published dramas, Legenda (Legend), (1897) and Daniel i Meleager (Daniel and Meleagra) (1898), did not receive the acclaim of the critics. It was the Warszawianka (Varsovian Anthem) that brought instantaneous acclaim to its author. The premiere of the drama marked his debut as a playwright of national dramas. The theatre premiere of the drama on 2 July 1901 starred Helena Modrzejewska as Maria. The years 1899–1900 marked the publication of Protesilas i Laodamia (Protesilas and Laodamia), Lelewel (Lelevel) and Legion. This drama is regarded to be the author's polemic displaying a romantic vision of history. In 1900, Wyspiański married the mother of his four children, Teodora Pytko. In November the same year he participated in the wedding of his friend Lucjan Rydel in Bronowice, a village near Kraków. The wedding party was the inspiration for his widely acclaimed play Wesele (The Wedding). It is a deeply critical yet sarcastic exposé of Polish society of the 19th century. "Wesele" transformed Wyspianski from a moderately successful visual and verbal artist associated with the Young Poland movement into a national dramatist-visionary whose significance in Poland is comparable to Yeats's in Ireland, O'Neill's in America, or Maeterlinck's in Belgium." The drama made references to the contemporary situation in Poland and depicted a powerless society. Although censorship barred the sale of copies of Wesele (The Wedding), the play was staged in the theatre. Self-Portrait with Wife at the Window, 1904 After the success of Wesele (The Wedding) four new plays based on Polish history were published: Wyzwolenie (Liberation), Achilles, Bolesław Śmiały (Boleslaus The Bold) and Legenda II (Legend 2). The following years were devoted to publishing of Skałka and Powrót Odysa (Return of Odysseus); meanwhile Wyspiański translated Corneillea's Cyd (Le Cid) and Voltaire's Zaïre. In 1906 Wyspiański became a professor at the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków. He was also a member of the city council. In his last years, Wyspianski's health deteriorated. As a result, he underwent medical treatments in Rymanów and Bad Hall and then settled in his small cottage in the village of Węgrzce. He died of syphilis, which was incurable at the time. His funeral took place in Kraków and became a national day of mourning. Wyspiański was buried in the Crypt of the Distinguished in the Skałka Church. Creative output Stained-glass window in Franciscan Church, designed by Wyspiański Wyspiański's artistic output is very eclectic. Among dramas and poetry, there are views of Cracow (drawings, sketch-books, oil-paintings, pastel drawings), portraits and self-portraits, designs of stained glass windows and paintings, illustrations, graphic art, and designs for furniture and interiors, and development of Wawel. Drawings, such as his 1890 self-portrait, and drafts from his journeys across Europe and Poland, are among Wyspiański's better-known works. He later created a herbarium by drawing plants. However, he most frequently used soft pastel techniques; his first pastel drawings were produced between 1890 and 1894. They mainly present the artist's family, friends and other artists. Wyspiański eagerly drew his children in everyday situations such as sleeping or feeding, including Helenka (1900), pastel drawing, owned by the National Museum in Kraków; Śpiący Staś (Sleeping Staś) (1902), pastel drawing, Silesian Museum in Katowice; Śpiący Mietek (Sleeping Mietek) (1904), pastel drawing, Museum of Art in Łódź; Macierzyństwo (Motherhood) (1905), pastel drawing, National Museum in Kraków; and Żona artysty z synkiem Stasiem (The Artist's Wife with Their Son Staś) (1904), pastel drawing, now at the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom. Using this technique, he painted many of his acquaintances and artists, among others Kazimierz Lewandowski, Jacek Malczewski, Eliza Pareńska, the Kryształowicz family, Ludwik Solski, Irena Solska, and Jan Stanisławski. He painted landscapes of Kraków – the Kraków Planty Park with desmans (also painted in oil), the Vistula Rudawa River, cottages in Grębowo, and at the end of his life, views from his studio to the Kościuszko Mound. He also created a poster for Maeterlinck's Wnętrze (Interior). Part of his output constitutes various designs – mainly stained glass windows, polychromes and interiors. Stanisław Wyspiański and Józef Mehoffer designed 36 stained glass windows together for the Mariacki Church in Kraków to help Matejko with the church conservation he had been involved with since 1889. During their stay in Paris they both made two boxes for the competition of the Rudolfinum Hall Decoration Design in Prague and curtain designs for the Juliusz Słowacki Theatre in Kraków. However, Wyspiański himself designed stained glass windows and polychromes for the Franciscan Church in Kraków (with the famous stained glass window Stań się), stained glass windows depicting Saint Stanislaus, Kazimierz the Great and Henryk Pobożny for Wawel Cathedral (not executed until 2005–2007 in the Wyspiański 2000 Pavilion), the design of a showroom of the Fine Arts Society (1904), and stairs and hall decoration for the Medical Society. In 1905 Wyspiański and Władysław Ekielski designed a scheme for redevelopment of the Wawel Hill (the so-called Acropolis). Leading stage plays * Warszawianka (Varsovian Anthem) (1898) * Klątwa (The Curse) (1899) * Protesilas i Leodamia (1899) * Meleager (1899) * Legion (1900) * Wesele (The Wedding) (1901) * Wyzwolenie (Liberation) (1903) * Weimar 1829 (fragment, 1904) * Noc listopadowa (November Night) (1904) * Acropolis (1904) * Skałka (1907) * Powrót Odysa (Return of Odysseus) (1907) * Zygmunt August (1907 – unfinished) Selected paintings File:Stas spiacy.1904.jpg Wyspiański, Sleeping Staś, 1904 File:Kopiec 8.jpg Wyspiański, View of Kościuszko Mound, 1904 File:Macierzynstwo 1905.jpg Wyspiański, Motherhood, 1905 File:Krajobraz znad Rudawy.jpg Wyspiański, Rudawa river Wyspiański Museum and monuments in his honor The 1996 memorial plaque for Stanisław Wyspiański at Austria Classic Hotel Wien in Vienna The Stanisław Wyspiański Museum in Kraków is located in the Szołayski tenement house built in the 17th century. It is a division of the National Museum, Kraków, sometimes referred to as the Szołayski Museum. At All Saints' Square, the Wyspiański 2000 Information Exhibition Pavilion is a rare example of contemporary architecture in the Old Town, featuring three of Wyspiański's stained glass windows. In 1996 a plaque for Stanisław Wyspiański was unveiled at Hotel Nordbahn (since 2008 Austria Classic Hotel Wien) at Praterstraße 72 in Vienna's Leopoldstadt, commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Österreichisch-Polnische Gesellschaft (Austrian- Polish Society) and Wyspiański's frequents stays at the hotel, where among other things he wrote his German dramatic fragment "Weimar 1829" in summer 1904. In front of the new National Museum building in Kraków on 3-go Maja Street there is a monument to Stanisław Wyspiański. 2007 was named the Year of Stanisław Wyspiański by the Polish Sejm. Streets of Kraków with Wyspiański connections 26 Krupnicza Street Wyspiański was born at 26 Krupnicza Street in Kraków, in a house that belonged to his grandparents. He lived there until 1873. 25 Kanonicza Street In the summer of 1873 Wyspianski's family moved to the house of Jan Długosz. Wyspiański's younger brother and mother died here. In the autumn of 1880 Wyspiański moved into the house of his uncle and aunt. 1 Kopernika Street Between 1880 and 1883 he lived in the house of the Stankiewicz family, site of the later PTTK Tourist House and the present Wyspiański Hotel. 2 Zacisze Street Here was the Stankiewicz family's new apartment. It was on the second floor of the now non-extant Central Hotel at the junction of Zacisze and Basztowa streets, with a view onto the Barbakan and the Planty Park. Because of the hotel's expansion, the Stankiewicz family was forced to move out in 1885. 1 Westerplatte Street (then Kolejowa Street) In July 1895 the Stankiewicz family began living here in an apartment on the ground floor at the corner of Kolejowa and Lubicz streets. Currently at this site there are arcades and stairs to an underground passage. At the time Wyspiański had his studio in the nearby village of Grzegórzki, where he worked on stained glass window designs for the Franciscan Church. 10 Poselska Street After a few months at Westerplatte Street, Wyspiański's uncle died and Wyspiański and his aunt went to live at 10 Poselska Street in a second-floor apartment. 9 Mariacki Square In July 1898 Wyspiański rented a room at the junction of 9 Mariacki Square and 4 Rynek Główny. In 1907 the house was taken down and replaced by an Art Nouveau tenement block. The flat was used as a studio. Wyspiański at the time was registered at 23 Szlak Street in the house of his future wife, Teofilia Pytko. 79 Krowoderska Street In 1901 Stanisław Wyspiański received an award from the Academy of Learning for his stained glass windows for the royal castle at Wawel. Thanks to this, he was able to rent a seven-room apartment in a tenement house on the second floor at the corner of Juliusza Słowackiego Avenue (which still exists). He lived here with his family and had his studio here as well. Allegedly there was a sign on the door reading: "Here lives Stanisław Wyspiański and he does not wish to be visited". Węgrzce near Kraków After another prize for landscapes depicting the Kościuszko Mound awarded by the Academy of Learning, Wyspiański moved to his own house in the village of Węgrzce (nb 5). The house, now demolished, has been replaced by another private residence. There is a stone at the site with a commemorative plaque erected on the 100th anniversary of the artist's birth. 1 Siemiradzkiego Street The hospital where Wyspiański died on 28 November 1907 still exists, although it operates now as a maternity hospital. It is situated on the corner of Siemiradzkiego and Łobzowska streets. See also * List of Polish language authors * List of Polish language poets * List of Polish painters * National Museum, Kraków * Young Poland Footnotes References *Stanisław Wyspiański at culture.pl *Stanisław Wyspiański at poezja.org *Stanisław Wyspiański – The Theatre of Interiors *First review of Wesele (The Wedding Reception) * Wyspiański’s Herbal *Wyspiański’s paintings *Wyspiański stained-glasses Bibliography =English Literature= *Zimmer, Szczepan K. (1959) Stanisław Wyspiański, Biographical Sketch, translated by Helena Maria Zimmer =Polish Literature= *Brodnicki, W. (1970) Między niebem a piekłem. Łódź: Wydawnictwo Łódzkie. *Kępiński, Z. (1984) Stanisław Wyspiański. Warsaw: Literatura. *Nelken, H. (1959) Stanisław Wyspiański. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Arkady *Skoczylas, L. (1972) Stanisław Wyspiański – życie i twórczość. Cracow: Książnica Powszechna. =German Literature= * Taborski, Roman (1996) Stanisław Wyspiański – der große Schöpfer der polnischen Moderne : anläßlich der Enthüllung der Wyspiański gewidmeten Gedenktafel in Wien (Ed.: Edward Hałoń) . Vienna: Zentrum für Verbreitung d. Wiss. d. Poln. Akad. d. Wiss. Category:1869 births Category:1907 deaths Category:Jagiellonian University alumni Category:Académie Colarossi alumni Category:Architects from Kraków Category:Artists from Kraków Category:Writers from Kraków Category:Polish male poets Category:19th-century Polish painters Category:19th-century male artists Category:20th-century Polish painters Category:20th-century male artists Category:Polish male dramatists and playwrights Category:19th-century Polish poets Category:19th-century Polish dramatists and playwrights Category:19th- century Polish male writers Category:Polish male painters "