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"Eden Victoria Lena Robinson (born 19 January 1968) is an Indigenous Canadian author. She is a member of the Haisla and Heiltsuk First Nations.Eden Robinson's entry in The Canadian Encyclopedia. Life =Childhood= Born in Kitamaat, British Columbia, she is a member of the Haisla and Heiltsuk First Nations. Her sister, Carla Robinson, is a television journalist for CBC Newsworld. =Education= She received a BA from the University of Victoria and an MFA from the University of British Columbia. = Later life = In 2003, Robinson moved back to Kitamaat Village to care for her father who had been diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease in 1998. In 2019, Robinson was diagnosed with polymyalgia rheumatica. Literary works Robinson's first book, Traplines (1995), was a collection of four short stories. The young narrators recount haunting tales of their disturbing relationships with sociopaths and psychopaths. The collection won Britain's Winifred Holtby Memorial Prize for the best regional work by a Commonwealth writer. One of the stories, "Queen of the North", was also published in The Penguin Anthology of Stories by Canadian Women. Another of her short stories, "Terminal Avenue", (which was not included in Traplines) was published in the anthology of postcolonial science fiction and fantasy So Long Been Dreaming. Her second book, Monkey Beach (2000), is a novel. It is set in Kitamaat territory and follows a teenage girl's search for answers to and understanding of her younger brother's disappearance at sea while in the retrospective, it tells a story about growing up on a Haisla reserve. The book is both a mystery and a spiritual journey, combining contemporary realism with Haisla mysticism. Monkey Beach was shortlisted for the Scotiabank Giller Prize and the Governor General's Literary Award, and received the Ethel Wilson Fiction Prize. In her third book, Blood Sports (2006), also a novel, Robinson returns to the characters and urban terrain of her novella "Contact Sports," from Traplines. Her novel Son of a Trickster (2017) is a humorous coming of age novel and the first of a trilogy. It took Robinson eight years to write, and was originally conceived as a short story. The second book in the trilogy is Trickster Drift (2018), which follows the main character from Kitamaat to Vancouver. The third book in the trilogy will be titled The Return of the Trickster or The Trickster Returns. Son of a Trickster was optioned for a television series, premiering as Trickster on CBC Television in 2020. Awards and honours She won the Ethel Wilson Fiction Prize in 2001 for Monkey Beach, and the Writers' Trust Engel/Findley Award in 2016 for her body of work."Eden Robinson, Gregory Scofield, Yasuko Thanh among 2016 Writers' Trust Prize winners". CBC Books, November 2. 2016. In 2017 she was named a recipient of the $50,000 Writers' Trust Fellowship. Her novel Son of a Trickster was shortlisted for the 2017 Scotiabank Giller Prize."The Scotiabank Giller Prize Presents Its 2017 Shortlist". Scotiabank Giller Prize, October 2, 2017. Its sequel, Trickster Drift won the Ethel Wilson Fiction Prize at the BC Book Awards on May 11, 2019. Son of a Trickster was selected for the 2020 edition of Canada Reads, in which it will be defended by actress Kaniehtiio Horn."Meet the Canada Reads 2020 contenders". CBC Books, January 22, 2020. Bibliography *Traplines (1996), *Monkey Beach (2000), *Blood Sports (2006), *Sasquatch at Home: Traditional Protocols & Modern Storytelling (2011), *Son of a Trickster (2017), *Trickster Drift (2018), References External links *Records of Eden Robinson are held by Simon Fraser University's Special Collections and Rare Books Category:1968 births Category:Living people Category:21st-century Canadian novelists Category:First Nations women writers Category:Canadian women novelists Category:Magic realism writers Category:Haisla people Category:Heiltsuk people Category:Writers from British Columbia Category:People from Kitimat Category:University of New Brunswick faculty Category:University of Victoria alumni Category:University of British Columbia alumni Category:Canadian women short story writers Category:21st-century Canadian women writers Category:First Nations novelists Category:20th-century Canadian short story writers Category:20th-century Canadian women writers Category:21st-century Canadian short story writers Category:20th-century First Nations writers Category:21st-century First Nations writers "
"A swing axle is a simple type of independent (rear wheel) suspension designed and patented by Edmund Rumpler in 1903. This was a revolutionary invention in the automotive industry, allowing wheels to react to irregularities of road surfaces independently, and enable the vehicle to maintain a strong road holding. The first automotive application was the Rumpler Tropfenwagen, later followed by the Mercedes 130H/150H/170H, the Standard Superior, the Volkswagen Beetle and its derivatives, and the Chevrolet Corvair, amongst others. Some later automobile rear swing axles have universal joints connecting the driveshafts to the differential, which is attached to the chassis. Swing axles do not have universal joints at the wheels—the wheels are always perpendicular to the driveshafts; the design is therefore not suitable for a car's front wheels, which require steering motion. Swing axle suspensions conventionally used leaf springs and shock absorbers. It was also used in early aircraft (1910 or before), such as the Sopwith and Fokker, usually with rubber bungee and no damping. suspension characteristics: Camber change on bumps, "jacking" on rebound Comparison =Advantage= The swing axle suspension has two advantages over the typical live axle: # It reduced unsprung weight since the differential is mounted to the chassis # It eliminates sympathetic camber changes on opposite wheels =Shortcomings= # A great amount of single-wheel camber change is experienced relative to beam axle designs, since the radius of the jointed half-shaft is less than half that of the whole axle assembly. # "Jacking" on suspension unloading (or rebound) causes positive camber changes on both sides, which (In extreme cases) can overturn the car. # Change in camber due to cornering forces can cause loss of rear-wheel adhesion leading to oversteer—a dynamically unstable condition that can cause a vehicle to spin. This is an especially severe problem when a swing axle is used in a rear-engine design, because of the greater side-g forces on the rear wheels from the mass of the engine. Camber changes during deceleration can increase the severity of lift-off oversteer. 1964 Corvair swing-axle rear suspension with transverse leaf spring =Solutions= Several engineering options can limit swing axle handling problems, with varying success: # Anti-roll bar: As a design option, a front anti-roll bar which can ameliorate the swing axle car's handling—shifting weight transfer to the front outboard tyre, considerably reducing rear slip angles—thereby avoiding potential oversteer. # Single-pivot point: Mercedes-Benz addressed the handling issues by producing swing axles with a single-pivot point located under the differential, thus well below the axle. This configuration markedly reduced the tendency to "jack-up" and the later low pivot swing-axle equipped cars were praised in contemporary publications for their handling. The low-pivot swing-axle remained in production with Mercedes-Benz W108 280SE and 300SEL until 1972. It was fitted to the 300SEL 6.3, which was during the early 1970s the world's fastest production sedan. AMG-modified 6.3s were also raced with the stock swing axle. # Tyre pressure differential: The Renault Dauphine, Volkswagen Beetle and first generation Chevrolet Corvair (1960–1964) used a tyre pressure differential strategy to eliminate oversteer characteristics of their swing axle suspensions—specifically low front and high rear tyre pressure—which induced understeer. The tyre pressure differential strategy offered a significant disadvantage: owners and mechanics could inadvertently but easily re-introduce oversteer characteristics by over-inflating the front tyres (that is, to typical pressures for other cars with other suspension systems) or by inflating all four tyres to the same pressure. The effectiveness of this option was criticized in lawsuits in the US during the 1960s. # Z-bar and roll-inducing springs: Mercedes-Benz introduced, to help their low-pivot swing-axle, a coil spring mounted transversely above the differential, which would transfer load from one side to the other, so as to force down one wheel when the other side went up. This coil spring increases the load bearing capacity of the rear suspension, so a new lower pressure set of springs was substituted for the usual ones to maintain ride suppleness. A similar effect was achieved by VW's Z-bar, as opposed to anti-roll bar. Both devices distribute the response of the rear axles to input on one wheel, thus reducing the tendency for excessive camber to occur on one wheel. These solutions represent a compromise between swing axle and beam axle characteristics, at the cost of decreasing ride quality. # Camber compensator: A transverse leaf spring is connected to the outer ends of the half-shafts and below the suspension assembly, resisting positive camber that could result from cornering forces or rebound. This was a successful solution introduced on the 1964 Corvair. Aftermarket camber compensators are available for Porsche, VW and early Corvairs. Safety Ralph Nader in his 1965 book Unsafe at Any Speed detailed accidents and lawsuits related to the shortcomings in 1960–1963 models of the first generation Chevrolet Corvair's swing-axle design. Nader identified a Chevrolet engineer who had fought management after the management had eliminated a front anti-roll bar for cost reasons. The 1964 models were fitted with a front anti-roll bar as standard equipment, in addition to a rear transverse leaf spring, thus improving stability during emergency maneuvering. Second-generation Corvairs (1965–1969) used a true independent rear suspension (IRS) system. The Hillman Imp designers learned from the problems with the Corvair, having crashedhttp://www.imps4ever.info/tech/suspense.html one at a relatively low speed, and they designed their rear-engined car with a semi- trailing arm suspension at the rear. To attain correct handling balance, they actually used swing-axle geometry at the front, with the steering pivots mounted at the outer ends of single swing wishbones. These caused too much understeer and uneven tyre wear, and modifications were made to reduce the positive camber of the front wheels by lowering the swing-axle pivot points.http://www.imps4ever.info/tech/suspension.html Aftermarket kits were also available to do this, and an inexpensive alternative was to insert a tapered shim to change the inclination of the kingpin carrier relative to the wishbone. Replacement Swing axles were supplanted in general use by de Dion tube axles in the late 1960s, though live axles remained the most common. Most rear suspensions have been replaced by more modern independent suspensions in recent years, and both swing and de Dion types are virtually unused today. One exception is the Czech truck manufacturer Tatra, which uses swing axles on a central 'backbone' tube since 1923 (model Tatra 11) instead of more common solid axles. This system is claimed to give greater rigidity and better performance on poor quality roads and off-road. There the inherent reduced stability on roads is compensated by an increased stability on rough terrain, allowing for higher off-road speeds, all else being equal. This is especially manifested in long 6+ wheel vehicles where offroad chassis twisting can be a major issue. Twin I-Beam Another use of the swing axle concept is Ford's "Twin I-Beam" front suspension for trucks. This system has solid axles, and may transmit power in four-wheel-drive versions, where it is called "Twin Traction Beam". Though it is an independent suspension system, as each tyre rises and falls without affecting the position of the other, the parallelogram action of the A-arm suspension system is not present. Each tyre moves in an arc, but, due to the longer arms, camber changes are proportionally smaller than in powered swing axles for the rear wheels listed above. The pivot point of the axles is lower and located not in the center of the car, but nearly on the opposite beam of the chassis, so the effect is far less hazardous. References External links * Category:Automotive suspension technologies "
"Jabberjaw is an American animated television series created by Joe Ruby and Ken Spears and produced by Hanna-Barbera which aired 16 original episodes on ABC from September 11 to December 18, 1976. Reruns continued on ABC until September 3, 1978. Premise Jabberjaw, a 15-foot air-breathing great white shark, is the drummer for The Neptunes, a rock group made up of four teenagers — Biff, Shelly, Bubbles and Clamhead — who live in an underwater civilization in the year 2076. Jabberjaw and The Neptunes travel to various underwater cities where they encounter and deal with assorted megalomaniacs and supervillains who want to conquer the undersea world. Like a great deal of Hanna-Barbera's 1970s output, the format and writing for Jabberjaw was similar to that for Scooby-Doo, Josie and the Pussycats and Speed Buggy. The show also drew inspiration (in the use of a shark as a character) from the overall shark mania of the mid-1970s caused by the then-recent film Jaws. It also shared The Flintstones' penchant for making use of puns as the names of locations, people, etc., in this case, ocean-themed puns (such as "Aqualaska" instead of Alaska). Every episode ended with a musical chase sequence where Jabberjaw and the gang would run from the villains, performing zany cartoon antics in order to escape while a song by The Neptunes played in the background. Characters Jabberjaw and The Neptunes. Counterclockwise: Jabberjaw (drums), Bubbles (keyboard), Biff (guitar), Shelly (tambourine) and Clamhead (bass). The series features the following five main characters throughout its run: * Frank Welker as Jabberjaw, an air-breathing, Brooklyn-accented anthropomorphic great white shark who impersonated Curly Howard of The Three Stooges. Jabberjaw found it hard to get respect in a society where "shark ejectors" (robots that would guard various buildings or cities against sharks being allowed to enter) were commonplace. These robots, as well as unpleasant treatment from others, frequently prompt him to utter some variation of his catchphrase (borrowed from the comedian Rodney Dangerfield): "I don't get no respect!" He has the unique ability to change his shape or adapt himself to act like various objects such as a trampoline, parachute, jack, throw rug, etc., either to get himself and the gang out of a jam, or just to hide. * Tommy Cook as Biff, an athletic, handsome, brown-haired young man who is the band's guitar player and level-headed leader who books all the gigs. In many episodes, his hair is drawn black. His main catchphrase is "Jumpin' jellyfish!" (occasionally, "Hoppin' halibut!") * Pat Parris as Shelly, a dark- haired young woman who plays tambourine and sings backup vocals for The Neptunes. She is attractive and intelligent, but haughty, vain and abrasive (like Josie and the Pussycats' Alexandra) and considers herself to be the star of the band. While she holds a great deal of disdain for Jabberjaw (or "Blubberhead" as she calls him), she does have some grudging fondness for him deep down and occasionally shows it. * Julie McWhirter as Bubbles, a young woman with blonde, curly hair who plays keyboard for The Neptunes. She is extremely ditzy and dimwitted, has a cute giggle, similar to Josie and the Pussycats' Melody. Shelly sometimes nicknames her "Ding-a-Ling" or "Bubblehead". Whenever she volunteers to help, she usually ends up messing it up. * Barry Gordon as Clamhead, a tall and slim, red-haired young man who plays bass for The Neptunes and is Jabberjaw's best friend. His catchphrases are crying out "Abba-abba-abba!" and "Wowee-wow-wow-wow!" (or some variation, commonly featuring the word "zowie") whenever he gets excited.America Toons In: A History of Television Animation By David Perlmutter page 154 Broadcast history Sixteen 30-minute episodes of Jabberjaw were produced, which aired on ABC Saturday Morning from September 11, 1976, to September 3, 1977, and rebroadcast for a second season of reruns on Sunday Morning from September 11, 1977, to September 3, 1978. In the 1980s, repeats resurfaced as part of USA Cartoon Express on USA Network, in the 1990s on Cartoon Network and in the 2000s on Boomerang. This is one of a number of shows made before the mid-1980s seen on the Cartoon Network and Boomerang to have been taken from PAL prints. Like many animated series created by Hanna-Barbera in the 1970s, the show contained a laugh track created by the studio. Broadcast schedules (all EDT): * September 11, 1976 – November 27, 1976, ABC Saturday 9:00-9:30 AM * December 4, 1976 – September 3, 1977, ABC Saturday 8:30-9:00 AM * September 11, 1977 – September 3, 1978, ABC Sunday 10:30-11:00 AM Episodes Other appearances A rebooted Jabberjaw interacts with Aquaman. From the Aquaman/Jabberjaw Special#1 * Jabberjaw appeared as a guest announcer or referee on the Laff-A-Lympics segment of Scooby's All-Star Laff-A-Lympics / Scooby's All-Stars in the episodes "Mexico and England" (1977), "India and Israel" (1977), "Africa and California" (1977), "New York and Turkey" (1978) and "Louisiana and Atlantis" (1978). * Jabberjaw (voiced by Don Messick) made a special guest appearance at a celebrity roast honoring Fred Flintstone on the TV special Hanna-Barbera's All-Star Comedy Ice Revue (1978). * Jabberjaw co-starred on the short-lived 1978 series Yogi's Space Race in which he participated in intergalactic racing competitions with Yogi Bear, Huckleberry Hound and other characters; his racing partner was a lazy bloodhound named Buford (from The Buford Files of Buford and the Galloping Ghost) and their race ship contained a track on which Buford ran to increase speed. Jabber and Buford were both voiced by Frank Welker. * Jabberjaw also appeared in the medium of comic books. He made appearances in Laff-A-Lympics issues #8 through #12 published by Marvel Comics in 1978–79. He also appeared in Hanna-Barbera Presents Superstar Olympics (issue #6) published by Archie Comics in 1996 and Cartoon Network Presents Jabberjaw (issue #23) published by DC Comics in 1999. Charlton Comics was originally set to publish a Jabberjaw comic series in 1977, but it was cancelled. In France, Norbert Fersen adapted the show into a comic strip under its French translated name Mantalo and featured in the magazines Télé Junior, Télé Parade and Télé BD (1978–81). * Jabberjaw and Shelly starred in two 1979 educational filmstrips – The Silent Hunters and A Whale of a Tale – as part of the Hanna-Barbera Educational Filmstrips series distributed in classroom environments.Jabberjaw: The Silent Hunters at WorldCatJabberjaw: A Whale of a Tale at WorldCat * Jabberjaw made a cameo appearance in the episode "Goodbye, Mr. Chump" on Yogi's Treasure Hunt (1987). * Jabberjaw and The Neptunes appeared on Cartoon Network Groovies in a music video set to Pain's "Jabberjaw (Running Underwater)" (1999) in which they are portrayed as a ska band with the group dressed in modern clothing. * Jabberjaw appeared on the TV special Night of the Living Doo (2001) trying to take out Scooby-Doo and the Mystery Inc. gang so he can finally get his respect. * Jabberjaw and The Neptunes made sporadic appearances on Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law in the episodes "Shoyu Weenie" (2002), "The Dabba Don" (2002), "Back to the Present" (2004), "Peanut Puberty" (2004), "Identity Theft" (2005), "Juror in Court" (2007) and "The Death of Harvey" (2007). * Jabberjaw made a cameo, sitting in the movie theater with other Hanna-Barbera/Cartoon Network/Warner Bros. characters on the opening Cartoon Network logo from The Powerpuff Girls Movie (2002). * Jabberjaw made a cameo appearance on Johnny Bravo in the episode "Johnny Bravo Goes to Hollywood" (2004). * Jabberjaw appeared on Sealab 2021 in the episode "Return of Marco" (2004) where he was one of many sharks impaled with spears by an aquatic tribe of cave dwellers. * Jabberjaw and The Neptunes appeared on Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated in the episode "Mystery Solvers Club State Finals" (2011) alongside other Hanna- Barbera mystery teams in a fever dream of Scooby-Doo's. Frank Welker reprised the role of Jabberjaw. * Jabberjaw made a cameo appearance in a 2012 MetLife commercial entitled "Everyone". * In 2018, DC Comics rebooted Jabberjaw into a less cartoonish character and featured him, and the Neptunes in a crossover with Aquaman titled Aquaman/Jabberjaw Special #1. * Jabberjaw and The Neptunes appeared in the Robot Chicken episode "Things Look Bad for the Streepster" (2018) where Jabberjaw (voiced by Tom Sheppard) goes on vacation to Amity Island and runs into the cast of Jaws, only to be killed by them. * Jabberjaw appears in the end credits of the film Scoob! as a new recruit of the Blue Falcon's Falcon Force. * Jabberjaw and The Neptunes will be featured in the upcoming series Jellystone! (2020).https://deadline.com/2019/10/hbo-max- looney-tunes-jellystone-the-fungies-tig-n-seek-kids-family-series-1202771895/ Merchandising In 1977–78, Rand McNally released two coloring books (Jabberjaw and The Neptunes and Jabberjaw Does It Again), a story book (Jabberjaw Out West by Jean Lewis, illustrated by Jim Franzen) and a read & color book (Jabberjaw and the Rustlers). Other merchandise in the late 1970s–early 1980s included a lunchbox and thermos, iron-on transfers, jigsaw puzzles, Presto Magix, bubble maker set, a school tablet, Avon pendant, a plush toy and Hanna-Barbera Marineland Jabberjaw picture viewer.Marineland Jabberjaw Picture Viewer (1980) In 2005, a Jabberjaw Wacky Wobbler bobblehead figure was released by Funko. Home media On July 28, 1988, an 85-minute videocassette of Jabberjaw containing four episodes ("Dr. Lo Has Got to Go", "There's No Place Like Outer Space", "The Sourpuss Octopuss" and "The Great Shark Switch") was released by Worldvision Home Video. On February 15, 2011, Warner Archive released Jabberjaw: The Complete Series on DVD in region 1 as part of their Hanna–Barbera Classics Collection. This is a manufacture-on- demand (MOD) release, available exclusively through Warner's online store and Amazon.com. In other languages * Brazilian Portuguese: Tutubarão References External links Jabberjaw at The Big Cartoon DataBase * Cartoon Network: Dept. of Cartoons: Jabberjaw – cached copy from Internet Archives * The Cartoon Scrapbook – Information and details on Jabberjaw. * Jabberjaw at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived. Category:1976 American television series debuts Category:1978 American television series endings Category:1970s American animated television series Category:American animated television shows featuring anthropomorphic characters Category:American children's animated comedy television series Category:American children's animated musical television series Category:American Broadcasting Company original programming Category:Animated musical groups Category:Animated television series about fish Category:Fictional musical groups Category:Fictional sharks Category:Underwater civilizations in fiction Category:Television series set in the 2070s Category:Television series set in the future Category:Television series by Hanna-Barbera Category:Hanna-Barbera characters Category:Television series created by Joe Ruby Category:Television series created by Ken Spears "