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"Ami Popper (; born 1969) is an Israeli mass murderer, convicted for the killing of 7 people in Rishon Lezion on May 20, 1990. Known as the Oyoun Qara massacre to Palestinians, for unknown reasons Popper killed and wounded Palestinian men at a bus stop in Rishon Lezion, for which he was sentenced to life imprisonment. Background Ami Popper was born in 1969 in Rishon Lezion, Israel, and had served in the Israel Defense Force (IDF) until he was dishonorably discharged. Reportedly, Popper was punished for inappropriate use of weapons during his military service, where he had attempted to commit suicide, for which he was imprisoned. Murders On May 20, 1990, Popper stole IDF uniform trousers, a Galil assault rifle, and five box magazines full of ammunition from his brother, an active duty soldier.Yaniv Kubovich,'After bullying Katsav, Jewish terrorist Ami Popper moved to New Prison,' Haaretz 16 October 2012Raanan Ben-Zur,'Ami Popper to be transferred after harassing Katsav in jail,' Ynet 15 October 2012. At around 6:15 a.m., Popper spotted a group of Palestinian Arab workers from the Gaza Strip at a bus stop in Rishon Lezion, who were waiting to be picked up from their laboring jobs in Israel. Suspecting they were Arab, he demanded to see their identity cards, and after confirming they were Arabs he ordered them to line up in three rows, on their knees. Popper then opened fire with the Galil rifle, killing 7 Palestinians immediately and a further 10/11 were wounded badly, before leaving the scene in his car. Palestinian reports state that, on arriving at the scene, Israeli police proceeded to beat up the surviving victims.Eitan Y. Alimi, Hank Johnson, 'Contentious Interactions, Dynamics of interpretations and Radicalization: The Islamization of Palestinian Nationalism,' in Dr Stefan Malthaner, Dr Lorenzo Bosi, Dr Chares Demetriou (eds.), Dynamics of Political Violence: A Process-Oriented Perspective on Radicalization and the Escalation of Political Conflict, Ashgate Publishing o.174Jeffrey Blankfort, 'Massacre at Rishon Lezion: Killer of Gaza,' Counterpunch September 3, 2014. Within an hour, he was arrested. Palestinians throughout the territories protested, resulting in clashes between protesters and Israeli security forces. While suppressing the protests, a further seven people died, including a 14-year-old boy. After a week of clashes, 19 Palestinians were killed, while around 700 more suffered injuries. Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir dismissed the murders as an act of no political significance since Popper was "deranged", however the court found Popper sane and fit to stand trial.Ian Lustick, For the Land and the Lord: Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel, Council on Foreign Relations (1988),1994 p.vii Popper first told police that his attacks were a reaction to the First Intifada, later claiming to have been distraught because his girlfriend had decided to leave him. He also stated that he had been raped by an Arab when he was 13-years-old and had committed these killings out of shame and a desire for revenge. Two days later rabbi Meir Kahane held a celebration of his deed in Rishon LeZion.Nur MasalhaImperial Israel and the Palestinians: The Politics of Expansion, Pluto Press 2000 p.160. Conviction and aftermath Popper was charged and convicted of seven acts of murder in March 1991, and he was sentenced to seven terms of life imprisonment. While in prison Popper became devoutly religious, and in June 1993 he married a Canadian-Jewish woman from a family of Kach activists. Popper and his wife were granted conjugal visits, and they had three children. In 1999, his sentence was reduced to 40 years imprisonment by a presidential amnesty.Michal Shmulovich, 'Jewish Israeli seeks ‘pardon’ like Palestinian prisoners,' The Times of Israel 29 July 2013.Ami Pedahzur, Arie Perliger, Jewish Terrorism in Israel, Columbia University press 2009 p.151- Popper was initially imprisoned in Maasiyahu Prison, and was placed in the Torani cellblock, a special cellblock for religious inmates. Prisoners there pray three times a day and spend most of the day studying the Torah and other sacred texts. At one point, his cellmate was former minister Shlomo Benizri. After Benizri's release, Popper's influence in the Torani bloc grew, and he began harassing former President Moshe Katsav, serving a seven-year sentence for rape and other sexual offenses, as Katsav had refused Popper's request for a pardon while he was President. According to the Israel Prison Service, Popper had verbally abused Katsav and sent other inmates to harass him. In October 2012, Popper was transferred to the maximum-security Ayalon Prison. Right wing and Orthodox politicians in Israel have demanded his release along with other Israeli prisoners who were convicted of murder or other violence committed against Palestinians, in exchange for the release of Palestinian prisoners who committed murder or violence against Israelis. On 17 January 2007, while on a 48-hour furlough from prison, Popper was involved in a car accident he caused by crossing a solid line, hitting oncoming traffic. His wife and one of his sons were killed in the accident. Popper himself was moderately injured. Police reported that Popper's driver's license had expired in 1999, and that he was driving illegally without a license. Initial reports indicate Popper's children were not wearing seatbelts in the backseat. Popper later remarried and then divorced. In May 2013, he married his third wife, a woman known only as "M" who had previously gained headlines by allegedly allowing her children to be abused. The couple was married in a small ceremony in Jerusalem, after Popper was granted a prison furlough. Popper's family has been the recipient of financial support from the Israeli NGO Honenu, and indirectly from tax deductible U.S. donations, according to journalist Uri Blau.Uri Blau, 'Haaretz Investigation: U.S. Donors Gave Settlements More Than $220 Million in Tax- exempt Funds Over Five Years,' Haaretz 7 December 2015. Victims *Abed al- Rahim Muhammad Salem Breika (23) from Khan Yunis. *Ziad Moussa Muhammad Sweid (22) from Rafah; *Zayid Zeidan Abd al-Hamid al-Umour (23) from Khan Yunis. *Suleiman Abd al-Razeq Abu Anzeh (22) from Khan Yunis. *Omar Hamdan Ahmad Dehliz (27) from Rafah; *Zaki Muhammad Muhammadan Qudeih (35) from Khan Yunis; *Youssef Mansour Ibrahim Abu Duqqa (36) from Khan Yunis.marks the 26th anniversary of the Oyoun Qara massacre,' Ma'an News Agency 19 May 2016. References External links *Middle East Israeli killers' sentences reduced February 4, 1999, BBC Category:1969 births Category:Living people Category:People of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict Category:Israeli prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment Category:Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Israel Category:Israeli people convicted of murder Category:People convicted of murder by Israel Category:People from Rishon LeZion Category:Mass murder in 1990 Category:1990 in Israel "
"Installation may refer to: * Installation (computer programs) * Installation, work of installation art * Installation, military base * Installation, into an office, especially a religious (Installation (Christianity)) or political one "
"Springfield is a town in Windsor County, Vermont, United States. The population was 9,373 at the 2010 census. History The land currently recognized as Springfield is the traditional land of the Pennacook and Abenaki people. Black River and falls c. 1910 Springfield, 1915 The Springfield Theater premiere of The Simpsons Movie, 2007 One of the New Hampshire grants, the township was chartered on August 20, 1761 by Governor Benning Wentworth and awarded to Gideon Lyman and 61 others. Although Springfield's alluvial flats made it among the best agricultural towns in the state, the Black River falls, which drop 110 feet (33.5 m) in 1/8 of a mile (201 m), helped it develop into a mill town.A. J. Coolidge & J. B. Mansfield, A History and Description of New England; Boston, Massachusetts 1859 Springfield was located in the center of the Precision Valley region, home of the Vermont machine tool industry. In 1888, the Jones and Lamson Machine Tool Company (J&L;) moved to Springfield from Windsor, Vermont under the successful leadership of James Hartness. Gaining international renown for precision and innovation, J&L; ushered in a new era of precision manufacturing in the area. Edwin R. Fellows co-founded the Fellows Gear Shaper Company here in 1896. As knowledge and infrastructure grew to support precision machining, other companies such as the Bryant Chucking Grinder Company and Lovejoy Tool formed, grew, and provided much of the economic engine. Springfield Telescope Makers, the oldest amateur telescope makers' club in the United States, has been headquartered in Springfield since its inception in 1920. The club's clubhouse, Stellafane, located on the campus of Stellafane Observatory has hosted a convention for the geographically scattered club since 1927. During World War II, Springfield's production of machine tools was of such importance to the American war effort that the US government ranked Springfield (together with the Cone at Windsor) as the seventh most important bombing target in the country.Wayne G. Broehl, Jr., Precision Valley: The Machine Tool Companies of Springfield, Vermont. (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1959) p. 184, citing W. Storrs Lee, The Green Mountains of Vermont (New York: Henry Hold & Company, Inc., 1949) p.76. Springfield is also home to the Eureka Schoolhouse, the oldest one-room school in the state of Vermont. Completed in 1790, the building was in continuous use until 1900 and was restored in 1968 by the Vermont Board of Historic Sites. The school house was named by its first teacher, David Searle, who, after a long journey through the new frontier was heard to cry "Eureka!" upon reaching the new settlement of Springfield. The name stuck, and "Eureka" can still be found in street and business names throughout Springfield. Several sites in Springfield, including the historic downtown area, have been designated as having historical significance according to the National Register of Historic Places. Among them are the Hartness House (original home of the entrepreneur and governor) and the Gould's Mill Bridge, a steel truss bridge. On July 10, 2007, Springfield was selected to host the premiere of The Simpsons Movie, which, like the Simpsons TV show, is set in a town called Springfield. In a Fox competition, Vermont was chosen to host the opening over 13 other places around the nation called Springfield. Geography Lithograph of Springfield from 1886 by L.R. Burleigh with a list of landmarks According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 49.5 square miles (128.1 km2), of which 49.3 square miles (127.7 km2) is land and 0.2 square mile (0.4 km2) (0.30%) is water. Bounded on the east by the Connecticut River, Springfield is drained by the Black River, which flows directly through downtown. The town includes the village of North Springfield. =Cultural and historic sites= * Eureka Schoolhouse (1790) * Hartness Mansion (1903–1904) * Springfield Art & Historical Society * The Stellafane National Historic Landmark Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 9,078 people, 3,886 households, and 2,498 families residing in the town. The population density was 184.1 people per square mile (71.1/km2). There were 4,232 housing units at an average density of 85.8 per square mile (33.1/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.60% White, 0.24% African American, 0.14% Native American, 0.77% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.18% from other races, and 1.01% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.72% of the population. There were 3,886 households, out of which 28.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.9% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.7% were non- families. 30.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.84. In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.3% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 25.4% from 45 to 64, and 19.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.9 males. The median income for a household in the town was $34,169, and the median income for a family was $42,620. Males had a median income of $31,931 versus $23,019 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,452. About 8.3% of families and 9.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.3% of those under age 18 and 11.4% of those age 65 or over. Education Springfield's public school system currently has two elementary schools, one middle school grades 6-8, and one high school grades 9-12. These schools are overseen by a five-member school board elected individually by staggered elections to three year terms. In 2006 the public technical school, the River Valley Technical Center, left the Springfield School District to form its own district. The Springfield School District is currently undertaking action to renovate its elementary schools. The School Board plans to expand Union Street School and Elm Hill School, while the voters decided in 2008 to cease using Park Street School as a school "As soon as possible" due to prohibitive refurbishment costs and safety issues. =Elementary and middle schools= The city's two public elementary schools are Elm Hill and Union Street Schools. Riverside Middle School is the town's only public middle school (grades 6-8). =Springfield High School= Springfield High School is Springfield's only high school. * Team Name: Cosmos * School Colors: Green and White =River Valley Technical Center= The River Valley Technical Center is housed in the Howard Dean Education Center and is adjacent to Springfield High School. The RVTC teaches technical courses to the students of Springfield and surrounding towns of Chester, Bellows Falls, Westminster, Ludlow and Charlestown. =Colleges and universities= Springfield is home to branches of the Community College of Vermont and the University of Vermont, which are housed in the Howard Dean Education Center. Infrastructure =Transportation= Springfield is crossed by Interstate 91 (Exit 7 serves the town), U.S. Route 5 and Vermont routes 10, 11, 106 and 143. Connecticut River Transit's the Current (CRT) provides Springfield with public transportation by bus around town and to Bellows Falls, Ludlow and the White River Junction and Lebanon, New Hampshire areas. The closest Greyhound bus and Amtrak train station is located in Bellows Falls, approximately to the south. Notable people Black River in 1907 * Daric Barton, first baseman with the Oakland Athletics * George B. Burrows, Wisconsin state legislator * George M. Darrow, foremost American authority on strawberries * Edwin R. Fellows, machine-tool inventor, industrialist * Helen Hartness Flanders, collector of American folk music * Ralph Flanders, machine-tool entrepreneur, banker, senator * Walbridge A. Field, U.S. Representative * Dudley C. Haskell, politician and merchant * Albert Lovejoy Gutterson, Olympic gold medalist (long jump)Barney, Keith. The History of Springfield, Vermont 1885–1961. William J. Bryant Foundation, 1972. pp. 119, 224. * James Hartness, inventor, aviator and 58th governor of Vermont * Dudley C. Haskell, U.S. Representative * Charles B. Hoard, U.S. Representative * Bill Jackowski, professional baseball umpire * Joseph B. Johnson, 70th governor of Vermont * Kenny Johnson, film and television actor * pattrice jones, ecofeminist writer, educator, and activist * James Kochalka, local cartoonist and rock musician * Lewis R. Morris, U.S. Representative * Levi P. Morton, 22nd Vice President of the United States * Alban J. Parker, Vermont Attorney General * Samuel B. Pettengill, U.S. Representative * Russell W. Porter, explorer, artist and telescope innovator * Asahel Lynde Powers, painter * Paul W. Ruse Jr., Vermont State Treasurer * Edwin W. Stoughton, lawyer and diplomat * James Bates Thomson, mathematician, educator, and author * Wheelock G. Veazey, attorney, judge, and government official * Louis G. Whitcomb, United States Attorney for Vermont References External links * Town of Springfield official website * Springfield Vermont Chamber of Commerce Category:Towns in Vermont Category:Towns in Windsor County, Vermont "