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"Bending machine may refer to: * Bending Machine (flat metal bending) * Brake (sheet metal bending), a metalworking machine that allows the bending of sheet metal "
"A diagram of a link farm. Each circle represents a website, and each arrow represents a pair of hyperlinks between two websites. On the World Wide Web, a link farm is any group of websites that all hyperlink to other sites in the group for the purpose of increasing SEO rankings. In graph theoretic terms, a link farm is a clique. Although some link farms can be created by hand, most are created through automated programs and services. A link farm is a form of spamming the index of a web search engine (sometimes called spamdexing). Other link exchange systems are designed to allow individual websites to selectively exchange links with other relevant websites and are not considered a form of spamdexing. Search engines require ways to confirm page relevancy. A known method is to examine for one-way links coming directly from relevant websites. The process of building links should not be confused with being listed on link farms, as the latter requires reciprocal return links, which often renders the overall backlink advantage useless. This is due to oscillation, causing confusion over which is the vendor site and which is the promoting site. History Link farms were first developed by search engine optimizers (SEOs) in 1999 to take advantage of the Inktomi search engine's dependence upon link popularity. Although link popularity is used by some search engines to help establish a ranking order for search results, the Inktomi engine at the time maintained two indexes. Search results were produced from the primary index which was limited to approximately 100 million listings. Pages with few inbound links fell out of the Inktomi index on a monthly basis. Inktomi was targeted for manipulation through link farms because it was then used by several independent but popular search engines. Yahoo!, then the most popular search service, also used Inktomi results to supplement its directory search feature. The link farms helped stabilize listings primarily for online business Web sites that had few natural links from larger, more stable sites in the Inktomi index. Link farm exchanges were at first handled on an informal basis, but several service companies were founded to provide automated registration, categorization, and link page updates to member Web sites. When the Google search engine became popular, search engine optimizers learned that Google's ranking algorithm depended in part on a link-weighting scheme called PageRank. Rather than simply count all inbound links equally, the PageRank algorithm determines that some links may be more valuable than others, and therefore assigns them more weight than others. Link farming was adapted to help increase the PageRank of member pages. However, the link farms became susceptible to manipulation by unscrupulous webmasters who joined the services, received inbound linkage, and then found ways to hide their outbound links or to avoid posting any links on their sites at all. Link farm managers had to implement quality controls and monitor member compliance with their rules to ensure fairness. Alternative link farm products emerged, particularly link-finding software that identified potential reciprocal link partners, sent them template-based emails offering to exchange links, and created directory- like link pages for Web sites, in the hope of building their link popularity and PageRank. These link farms are sometimes considered a black-hat SEO strategy. Search engines countered the link farm movement by identifying specific attributes associated with link farm pages and filtering those pages from indexing and search results. In some cases, entire domains were removed from the search engine indexes in order to prevent them from influencing search results. Blog network A private blog network (PBN), also known as a link farm, is a group of blogs that are owned by the same entity. A blog network can either be a group of loosely connected blogs, or a group of blogs that are owned by the same company. The purpose of such a network is usually to promote the other blogs in the same network and therefore increase the search engine rankings or advertising revenue generated from online advertising on the blogs. In September 2014, Google targeted private blog networks (PBNs) with manual action ranking penalties. This served to dissuade search engine optimization and online marketers from using PBNs to increase their online rankings. The "thin content" warnings are closely tied to Panda which focuses on thin content and on-page quality. PBNs have a history of being targeted by Google and therefore may not be the safest option. Since Google is on the search for blog networks, they are not always linked together. In fact, interlinking your blogs could help Google and a single exposed blog could reveal the whole blog network by looking at the outbound links. A blog network may also refer to a central website, such as WordPress, where a user creates an account and is then able to use their own blog. The created blog forms part of a network because it uses either a subdomain or a subfolder of the main domain, although in all other ways it can be entirely autonomous. This is also known as a hosted blog platform and usually uses the free WordPress Multisite software. Hosted blog networks are also known as Web 2.0 networks, since they became more popular with the rise of the second phase of web development. See also * 302 Google Jacking * Click farm * Cloaking * Content farm * Doorway pages * Keyword stuffing * Methods of website linking * Scraper site * Server farm * Spam blog * Spam in blogs * Strongly connected component * Web guide References External links *Google Information for Webmasters *Yahoo!'s Search Content Quality Guidelines *The Dirty Little Secrets of Search at The New York Times Category:Search engine optimization Category:Spamming Category:Black hat search engine optimization "
"GPE (a recursive acronym for GPE Palmtop Environment) is a graphical user interface environment for handheld computers, such as palmtops and personal digital assistants (PDAs), running some Linux kernel-based operating system. GPE is a complete environment of software components and applications which makes it possible to use a Linux handheld for tasks such as personal information management (PIM), audio playback, email, and web browsing. GPE is free and open-source software, subject to the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) or the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL). Supported devices GPE is bundled with embedded Linux distributions targeting the following platforms: * Sharp Zaurus * Hewlett-Packard iPAQ * Hewlett-Packard Jornada 72x * Siemens AG SIMpad SL4 In addition, GPE maintainers and the open source community are developing ports for additional devices: * GamePark Holdings GP2x * Nokia 770 * Nokia N800 * Palm TX * Palm Treo 650http://www.grack.com/programming/misc/TreoLinux.html * HTC Universal * HTC Typhoon * HTC Tornado * HTC Wizard * HTC Apachehttps://web.archive.org/web/20100713032945/http://www.handhelds.org/moin/moin.cgi/HTCApache On February 5, 2007, The GPE project announced GPE Phone Edition, a new variant of GPE developed for mobile phones. Software components GPE on a Sharp Zaurus C1000 GPE does not have any of the GNOME Core Applications, but instead software was written from scratch, tailored to the embedded environment. GPE is based on GTK+, and because GTK+ did not gain support for Wayland until versions 3.10, GPE uses X11 as its windowing system, e.g. with the combination X.Org Server/Matchbox. The project provides an infrastructure for easy and powerful application development by providing core software such as shared libraries, database schemata, and building on available technology including SQLite, D-BUS, GStreamer and several of the more common standards defined by freedesktop.org. One of the major goals of the GPE project is to encourage people to work on free software for mobile devices and to experiment with writing a GUI for embedded devices. Some of the applications already developed for GPE include: * GPE-Contacts - A contacts manager * GPE-Calendar - The calendar application * GPE-Edit - A simple text editor * GPE-Filemanager - A file manager with MIME type and remote access support * GPE-Gallery - Small and easy to use image viewer * GPE-Games - A small collection of tiny games * GPE-Mini-Browser - A CSS and JavaScript compatible compact web browser * GPE-Sketchbook - Create notes and sketches * GPE-Soundbite - A voice memo tool * GPE-ToDo - A task list manager * GPE-Timesheet - Track time spend on tasks * Starling - A GStreamer based audio player GPE's PIM applications (GPE- Contacts, GPE-Calendar, GPE-ToDo) can be synchronized with their desktop and web counterparts (such as Novell Evolution, Mozilla Sunbird and Google Calendar) through the use of GPE-Syncd and the OpenSync framework. GPE also contains a number of GUI utilities for configuring 802.11 Wireless LAN, Bluetooth, IrDA, Firewall, ALSA, Package Management, among others. A mobile push e-mail client based on the Tinymail framework is in development. Linux distributions Wikipedia viewed with the GPE Mini-Browser GPE can be found as a primary environment in the following embedded Linux distributions: * OpenEmbedded (ex OpenZaurus) * Ångström * Familiar Linux Though it may not be as highly supported as the distributions listed above, GPE is also available through package management utilities in the following distributions: * Ubuntu * Debian * Internet Tablet OS Controversy There are ongoing controversies surrounding the GPE project regarding a change of hosting service, ownership of an IRC channel, and a trademark dispute. =Web hosting= Serious issues first began developing over a proposed change of hosting service. GPE had been hosted at Handhelds.org since April 2002. Some of GPE's developers suggested, and later followed through with, a move to Linuxtogo.org by October 2006. Handhelds.org responded by removing the user accounts of the departing developers, and any links or reference to the new GPE Linuxtogo.org location on the original GPE Handhelds.org site. =IRC channel= Both parties claim ownership of the #gpe IRC channel located on freenode. Freenode has placed the channel in trust, or locked, until both sides can come to an agreement. Subsequently, Linuxtogo.org currently uses #gpe-project, and Handhelds.org uses #handhelds-gpe, both on Freenode.net. =Trademark= George France, has filed for trademark registration with the USPTO for GPE, in addition to OPIE and Ipkg as of March 6, 2007. On June 25, 2007, the USPTO declined to accept a screenshot of the Handhelds.org GPE website as proof of Handhelds.org's ownership, and in addition requested a better specimen for a “GPE product”. Handhelds.org, and OSI board member Russ Nelson, assert that the GPE project was given over to Handhelds.org for public development. The GPE developers working at Linuxtogo.org maintain that they represent the active GPE project, and Handhelds.org was only a hosting provider. Furthermore, they point out that the GPE project existed before it was hosted on Handhelds.org. The USPTO issued a final rejection regarding the GPE trademark on February 27, 2008. George France amended the application (removing references to GNU and Linux). The GPE trademark was officially published for opposition June 3, 2008. Despite George France's impending personal GPE trademark, the core GPE development team at Linuxtogo.org has abandoned much of the Handhelds.org GPE infrastructure. Linuxtogo.org developers have switched GPE to a new bootloader and replaced IPKG with OPKG, and made major changes to the GPE gui applications. The Trademark of GPE was registered to George France on Aug 19, 2008 by the USPTO. See also * OPIE (operating system) * Palm OS * Pocket PC * Qtopia * Windows Mobile References External links * GPE web site at LinuxToGo * GPE web site at Handhelds.org Category:Desktop environments based on GTK Category:Embedded Linux Category:Graphical user interfaces Category:X Window System "