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"The Battle of Castelfidardo took place on 18 September 1860 at Castelfidardo, a small town in the Marche region of Italy. It was fought between the Sardinian army – acting as the driving force in the war for Italian unification, against the Papal States. On 7 September, Cavour, Prime Minister of Piedmont, sent an ultimatum to the Pope demanding that he dismiss his foreign troops. When he failed to do this, 35,000 troops crossed the border on 11 September, with General Cialdini advancing along the Adriatic coast and General Della Rocca leading another troop across Umbria. Papal troops were caught by surprise and thrown into confusion. Some of the Papal troops surrendered the same day and some retreated to Ancona which fell on after a short siege. As a result of this battle, the Marches and Umbria entered in the Kingdom of Italy and the extent of the Papal States was reduced to the area of what is today known as Lazio. The battle is remembered for being bloody, and for the highly disparate numbers of troops—less than 10,000 papal soldiers to 39,000 Sardinians. The papal army was composed of volunteers from many European countries, amongst whom the French and Belgian nationals constituted a Franco-Belgian battalion. Among the French volunteers were a notable number of nobles from western France: after the battle, whilst consulting the list of dead and wounded members of the papal army, the Sardinian general Cialdini is reported to have said, in an example of rather black humor, "you would think this was a list of invites for a ball given by Louis XIV!"Marquis de Ségur. 1891. Les martyrs de Castelfidardo. Paris: Tolra1 The Franco-Belgian, Austrian and Irish battalions later joined the Papal Zouave corps, an infantry regiment of international composition that pledged to aid Pope Pius IX in the protection of the Papacy for the remainder of the Italian unificationist Risorgimento. The battle was commemorated by the , built in the 1860s and the 26th Bersaglieri Battalion "Castelfidardo". References External links * Category:1860 in Italy Category:Battles involving the Papal States Category:Conflicts in 1860 Category:September 1860 events Castelfidardo "
"Open Road may refer to: Music * Open Road, a 2001 album by Cowboy Junkies * Open Road, a 1970 album by Donovan and his short-lived band Open Road * Open Road, a 1997 album by Gary Barlow * "Open Road", a song from Bret Michaels' 2005 album Freedom of Sound * "Open Road", the first single from Bryan Adams' 2004 album Room Service * "Open Road", the fourth single released from Gary Barlow's 1997 album Open Road * The Open Road, a 2010 album by John Hiatt * Open Road, a 2019 album by The Rippingtons Films * Open Road, a 2008 short film starring Andy Picheta * The Open Road, a 2009 film written and directed by Michael Meredith * The Open Road (1911 film), an American silent film * Open Road (2012 film), a 2012 film directed by Márcio Garcia Other * OpenROAD, Open Rapid Object Application Development is a fourth- generation programming language and a product of Actian Corporation * Open Road (XM), an XM Satellite Radio channel * Open Road Recordings, a Canadian country music record label * Open-road racing, a form of car racing * The Open Road for Boys, a boys' magazine from the early 20th century * Open Road Films, an American independent motion pictures studio since 2011, specializing in mature audience comedy, action and horror films "
"Joseph M. Ungaro (November 4, 1930 – November 12, 2006) was a journalist most famous for his question to President Richard Nixon which elicited the reply "I am not a crook." Early career Ungaro graduated from Providence College and the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism. In 1950 he began working for The Providence Journal and Evening Bulletin first as a copy boy, and then as a reporter, managing editor, and publisher. The Question On November 17, 1973, at the annual Associated Press Managing Editors convention in Orlando, Florida, Ungaro asked Nixon about his reported underpayment of income taxes in 1970 and 1971. Nixon’s famous declaration came after he answered a subsequent question about the Watergate scandal, posed by then president of the association Dick Smyser of Oak Ridge, Tennessee's The Oak Ridger. At the end of that reply, Nixon doubled back to Ungaro’s question, saying: "I welcome this kind of examination because people have got to know whether or not their president is a crook. Well, I’m not a crook." Nixon later agreed to pay hundreds of thousands of dollars in back taxes. Later career Ungaro left the Evening Bulletin later that year and began working at Gannett Company's Westchester Rockland Newspapers in 1974 as managing editor. He later became vice president and executive editor, vice president and general manager, and then president and publisher. He was given the additional responsibilities as vice president of the Metro Newspaper Division. He later became president and chief executive of the Detroit Newspaper Agency, the company that managed a joint operating agreement between The Detroit News and Detroit Free Press. Ungaro's final position was at Stars and Stripes, where he put together a consolidation plan for the newspaper and then became its ombudsman. Sources * Joseph Ungaro, former Journal News publisher, dies at 76 The Journal News 14 November 2006. * Joseph Ungaro, 76, News Executive Who Elicited Nixon’s ‘Not a Crook’ Line, Dies New York Times 14 November 2006. Category:American male journalists Category:20th-century American journalists Category:Providence College alumni Category:Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism alumni Category:1930 births Category:2006 deaths Category:The Providence Journal people "